News Media Language
Autumn term 2017, Group 402
Article 1
Read the Article from the New York Times.
Do the tasks.
Write a review.
Submit your reviews in the Commentaries.
The text of the Article and the Tasks are given below.
__________________________
Students’ Copy
On the
Innovation of Nations
GENEVA
Autumn term 2017, Group 402
Article 1
Read the Article from the New York Times.
Do the tasks.
Write a review.
Submit your reviews in the Commentaries.
The text of the Article and the Tasks are given below.
__________________________
Students’ Copy
On the
Innovation of Nations
Discussions
about economic performance, and levels of prosperity more broadly, have
inevitably been accompanied by a desire to classify countries so as to better
understand the forces that drive development and to improve economic policy.
Historically,
a distinction was made between “developing” and “industrialized” economies.
More recently, the term “emerging markets” came into vogue. Nowadays,
organizations like the World Bank try to steer clear of the value judgments
implicit in these terms by simply describing countries’ positions on the income
ladder — low, middle or high — and their rates of growth.
But this
present classification of national economic performance, based on income and
growth, highlights only the outcomes of a process. They offer no insight into
the factors that lead to these outcomes. In a quickly changing, increasingly
interconnected world — one in which more countries are moving up the ladder,
even as distributions of wealth and income are becoming increasingly
concentrated within countries — this kind of output-based categorization is
becoming archaic.
As an
alternative to traditional measures of growth, some people have called for
measures of “gross national happiness” and other broader measures of human
well-being. This is well and good, but to understand economic performance, a
classification based on the fundamental drivers of growth is essential. And
this classification, I believe, should be centered on how innovative a country
is.
The extent to
which an economy can develop higher value-added products, processes and
business models through innovation is a major determinant of long-term, sustained
prosperity.
The factors
that contribute to an ecosystem of innovation are many, and interconnected: A
strong scientific and technological base, investment from public and private
sectors, links between businesses and research centers, a high-quality education
system, political transparency, and a culture that encourages entrepreneurship
and risk-taking.
In the past,
innovation was regarded as the preserve of certain companies in a few advanced
economies. But today there are innovative companies in every region of the
world, including in countries traditionally been labeled “emerging” or
“developing.”
As countries
place greater emphasis on their capacity to innovate, their economic success
will be increasingly determined by whether and how countries can leverage their
innovation potential. This will create a new global divide, moving away from
one based on the static concept of income and toward one based on innovation
and the ability to support rising living standards over time.
Building an
innovation infrastructure, however, poses profound questions. Just as the
industrial revolution had political and social consequences — for labor, mass
education, the organization of corporations and the modern nation-state — that
took a century to understand, the impact of innovation is only starting to
become visible.
At the dawn
of the industrial revolution, the founders of the modern factory system in Britain
As the
political economist Joseph Schumpeter noted, innovation is a revolutionizing
force of constant change, propelling the economy via the “gales of creative destruction.”
While rapid
technological change is disrupting the traditional notion of a “job for life,”
it is also creating new opportunities: massive open online courses, or MOOCs,
the increasing sophistication of technologies that allow face-to-face interaction
across vast distances, and the growth of self-directed learning communities
have made life-long learning accessible to all.
But it also
must be recognized that the astonishing technological leaps of recent decades
have been accompanied by increased inequality. An innovative society may be a
less inclusive and more fragmented one. Silicon Valley in California
In sum, we
need to realize that while the costs of not innovating — lower economic growth
— are steep, so too is the price of innovation. The changes it brings to labor
markets, supply chains and social structures cannot be underestimated. So in
assessing nations according to their innovative potential, we must also take
into account how they manage the disruptive consequences of technological
change.
Klaus
Schwab is the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum.
Learn the
following expressions.
Prosperous
countries
countries’
positions on the income ladder
innovative country
value-added
products
to label a country “emerging” or “developing.”
to leverage
one’s innovation potential
to create a
new global divide
to pose profound questions
At the dawn
of the industrial revolution
increased
inequality
a beacon of
global technological dynamism
Match the words the way they
are used in the Text.
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
emerging
economic
fundamental
major
sustained
political
advanced
innovation
spiritual
technological
labor
|
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
|
Infrastructure
determinant
markets
transparency
prosperity
leaps
drivers
descendants
performance
markets
economies
|
Insert appropriate prepositions.
This term has recently come … vogue.
They offer no insight … the factors that lead
to these outcomes.
Distributions … wealth and income are becoming
increasingly concentrated within certain countries.
The extent … which an economy can develop can
be measured.
Life-long learning is now accessible … all.
The article under headline “On the Innovation of Nations” is devoted to the role of innovation in the wealth and development of nations. Innovation has grown in leaps and bounds to assume the position of a vital driver of the economy’s growth and development and is also responsible for the changes that are taking part in the society today.
ОтветитьУдалитьThe problem of innovation is very controversial. Nowadays, organizations like the World Bank just describe countries’ positions on the income ladder — low, middle or high — and their rates of growth, but they don’t say what factors lead to these outcomes. So, the author of the article supposed that we need a classification to understand economic performance; it should be centered on how innovative a country is. Innovation is a critical driver of the improvement in performance of customers, the growth and success of firms, and the wealth of nations. But the problem is that the impact of innovation is starting to become visible only in a long period of time. Moreover, an innovative society may be a less inclusive and more fragmented one. For example, Silicon Valley in California is a beacon of global technological dynamism but with its sky-high housing prices and nearly a fifth of its population living in poverty. So in assessing nations according to their innovative potential, we must also take into account how they manage the disruptive consequences of technological change.
To my mind, this problem is urgent in many countries. Innovation is critically important today due to the rapid pace of technological change, the increasing globalization of markets and the changing taste of customers. But I support the idea of the author that we should also notice the disadvantages of the classification according to nation’s innovative potential.
Klaus Martin Schwab is a German engineer and economist, best known as the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum. Schwab was a professor of business at the University of Geneva from 1972 to 2002. Since 1979, he has published the Global Competitiveness Report. Klaus Schwab is the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum. Schwab is the author of several books, including The Fourth Industrial Revolution. He wrote his article titled "On the Innovations of Nations" on December 15, 2013.
ОтветитьУдалитьIn this article, he talked about what makes some countries more successful than others. He could not get around this topic, because he was a young specialist in this field. Historically, a distinction was made between "developing" and "industrialized" economies. More recently, the term "emerging markets" came into vogue. Nowadays, organizations like the World Bank try to steer clear of the value of judgments implicit in these terms by simply describing countries' positions on the income ladder - low, middle or high - and their rates of growth. The author believes that the economy can be developed only by several factors, such as a strong scientific and technical base, investments from the public and private sectors, high-quality education system, political transparency and culture that encourages entrepreneurship and risk. As noted by the political economist Joseph Schumpeter, innovation is the revolutionizing force of permanent change, driving the economy through "storms of creative destruction. While rapid technological change disrupts the traditional concept of "lifelong work", it also creates new opportunities: mass open online courses or MOOC, a growing sophistication of technologies that allow for personal communication over vast distances, but it is also worth admitting that such technological explosions are causing inequality. For example, Silicon Valley in California is a beacon of global technological dynamism, but with its sky-high housing prices and nearly all of its population living in poverty. we need to realize that while the costs of innovation are lower than economic growth. The changes in the labor market, supply chains and social structures can not be underestimated. So, in assessing nations according to their innovative potential, we must also take into account how they manage the disruptive consequences of technological change.
I agree with the author, because if we look back to the past period of human development, when there was no clear understanding of innovation activity, a very logical question arises, why does the human society develop so unevenly in the modern historical period? Why are the countries of Africa less involved in innovative activity than the countries of Europe? It should be clearly understood that innovation activity is systemic in nature and the effectiveness of this activity depends not on one factor, but on their totality, that is, the system. In this set, there are the most significant factors. In any system, there are basic forces, without which it will not develop. Following the main theories, we can assume that the most significant factors affecting the level of innovation activity are human capital, financial capital and the level of economic transparency as a means necessary for innovation, as the author said in his article.
In conclusion, I would like to say that modern society is a complex structure of interconnected phenomena of economic reality. Economic phenomena form a driving force, directed to some extent on the development of a given society. It is innovations that are the fuel that feeds the economic system, allows humanity to go up the steps of increasing predominance over nature. The faster the society develops innovations, the faster the society develops and pays for the expenses of innovation activity.
The title of article is “On the Innovation of Nations”. It is written by Klaus Schwab on the 15th of December, 2013. Klaus Schwab is the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum. It is published in the “New York Times”. The article is devoted to the economic performance and levels of prosperity of the innovative countries and their elusive formula that makes such countries more successful than others. The writer begins with the introduction of his own research, where he tries to find out new ways of measuring national competitiveness. In fact it was decided to classify countries so as to better understand the forces that drive development and to improve economic policy. Experts point out that more recently, the term “emerging markets” came into vogue. Moreover, it was stated that nowadays, organizations like the World Bank described countries’ positions on the income ladder — low, middle or high — and their rates of growth. But the most common argument against this is that this present classification of national economic performance, based on income and growth, highlights only the outcomes of a process. And we must admit that they offer no insight into the factors that lead to these outcomes. The writer is sure that the extent to which an economy can develop higher value-added products, processes and business models through innovation is a major determinant of long-term, sustained prosperity. It is very clear from his observations that it is desirable to build an innovation infrastructure within every country, as the innovation is a revolutionizing force of constant change. We cannot ignore the fact that while the costs of not innovating — lower economic growth — are steep, so too is the price of innovation. The arguments we have presented suggest that in assessing nations according to their innovative potential, we must also take into account how they manage the disruptive consequences of technological change. To draw the conclusion, I can say that I totally agree with the writer. We cannot possibly accept the fact that innovations in the industry are capable of increasing labor productivity several times, and even giving the chance to completely abandon the participation of man in production. A complete replacement of manual labor by mechanical work is a matter of time. But we can`t be sure that than ordinary workers in the specialty will remain. As the new equipment will have an ever-increasing service life, and materials will become almost eternal, then the services of these specialists will need less and less. According to the point of view of M. Eissebith in the article ‘Bridging Scales in Innovation Policies: How to Link Regional, National and International Innovation Systems’, European Planning Studies, we can say that in order to promote innovation the different innovative actors must have strong linkages with each other based on a strong level of trust and governments should promote and activate trust among the different innovation actors. The linkages can take the form of joint research, personnel exchanges, crosspatenting, and purchase of equipment. Thus, the innovations help us, because they create more advanced technologies and release the most valuable resource - time, thereby helping to realize their creative potential and become more independent to millions of people.
ОтветитьУдалитьI am going to say a few words about an article I have recently read. An article is written by the well-known German engineer and economist, best known as the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum Klaus Martin Schwab. The title of the article is < On the innovation of Nations>.
ОтветитьУдалитьThe plot of the article is incredibly exciting. This article tells us about the role of innovation in the world and about the development of society.
To cut a long story short, this article tells us that historically, a distinction was made between “developing” and “industrialized” economies. Nowadays, organizations like the World Bank try to steer clear of the value judgments implicit in these terms by simply describing countries’ positions on the income ladder — low, middle or high — and their rates of growth. There are some facts that contribute to an ecosystem of innovation. Such as: a strong scientific and technological base, investment from public and private sectors, links between businesses and research centers, a high-quality education system, political transparency, and a culture that encourages entrepreneurship and risk-taking.
However, the creation of an innovative infrastructure creates serious questions. As the political economist Joseph Schumpeter noted, innovation is a revolutionizing force of constant change. It is also must be recognized that the astonishing technological leaps of recent decades have been accompanied by increased inequality. For example Silicon Valley in California is a beacon of global technological dynamism but, with its sky-high housing prices and nearly a fifth of its population living in poverty, it is also a warning that innovation cannot divorce itself from the society from which it springs.
The author gives a conclusion that we shouldn`t underestimate the changes that it brings to labor markets, supply chains and social structures.
Therefore, I agree with the author that when assessing countries in accordance with their innovative potential we also need to consider how they manage the devastating consequences of technological change.
This article was written by Klaus Schwab. He is the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum. This article was written by him in the late 1970s when he was a young professor of economics.
ОтветитьУдалитьIn this article, he reflects on a very interesting topic. He thinks what is make some countries more prosperous than others. Historically, a distinction was made between “developing” and “industrialized” economies. More recently, the term “emerging markets” came into vogue. Nowadays, organizations like the World Bank try to steer clear of the value judgments implicit in these terms by simply describing countries’ positions on the income ladder — low, middle or high — and their rates of growth. But this present classification of national economic performance, based on income and growth, highlights only the outcomes of a process. They offer no insight into the factors that lead to these outcomes.
It is now generally accepted that humanity in its economic development has passed two historical stages: the agrarian economy and the industrial economy. from the last third of the twentieth century, it is going through the third stage - the postindustrial economy. In the past, the inability of individual countries to move on to the post-industrial economy in time led to their lagging behind. When people say such a word as an innovation, they often do not think about the definition of this concept. The base of this process is new knowledge. Nevertheless, innovation as a fundamentally new product of knowledge can be new for one country, but created in another country. In this case, such a product is not considered an innovation.
Thus, innovative development is a special factor not only for economic growth on an intensive basis, but also for the competitiveness of both individual production and the economy as a whole. State innovation policy includes the import of new products and technologies, as well as a set of advanced industries - engines of development of the national innovation system in general. At the same time, the formation of such a complex of engines of the innovation process should be based on experience and business opportunities, which better than officials knows and understands the ways of breakthroughs in the right directions and uses advanced foreign experience. However, in our country, business, business environment and the market infrastructure created in the country are still weak and not mature enough and are advanced according to the criteria of today.
The article "On the Innovation of Nations" is written by Klaus Schwab in 2013. Here we face with the problem of role of innovation in our world. The article shows us the levels of prosperity in the innovative countries and how these countries reach this or that particular level. This article begins with author's telling about the research which has an aim to find more ways to quantity national competitiveness.
ОтветитьУдалитьSo, the author of the article is sure that our society needs good classification of the levels of the innovation for the countries. We understand that innovation is the act of producing something new or doing something in a different way. But it's not a secret that nobody knows exactly the parameteres of it. The writer tells us that there is the problem that the influence of innovation becomes visible and understandable only after a long time. In other words, in this article it is said about what makes some countries be much more successful than other countries and about the degrees with the help of which we can say if that particular country is innovative or not. But these degrees, or levels, are so blurred, as the author says. And it is the biggest problem.
My relation to this problem is very sustainable. I am sure that different innovations in all spheres of life help us, they are very important. Time is running very quickly and that's why our countries should develop and produce new useful things. These innovations will help people all over the world to ease their lives. But of course this process should be going not rapidly.
The article «On the Innovation of Nations» was written by the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum Klaus Schwab. It was published in the “New York Times” on the 15th of December, 2013.
ОтветитьУдалитьThe article is devoted to the attempts of many economic thinkers for centuries to identify the elusive formula that makes some countries more prosperous and successful than others.
A curiosity about this topic for the author was to research new ways of measuring national competitiveness. Historically, a distinction was made between “developing” and “industrialized” economies. More recently, the term “emerging markets” came into vogue. Nowadays, organizations like the World Bank try to steer clear of the value judgments implicit in these terms by simply describing countries’ positions on the income ladder — low, middle or high — and their rates of growth. But this present classification of national economic performance, based on income and growth, highlights only the outcomes of a process. They offer no insight into the factors that lead to these outcomes. As an alternative to traditional measures of growth, some people have called for measures of “gross national happiness” and other broader measures of human well-being. But Schwab believes that this classification should be centered on how innovative a country is. The extent to which an economy can develop higher value-added products, processes and business models through innovation is a major determinant of long-term, sustained prosperity. The factors that contribute to an ecosystem of innovation are many, and interconnected: A strong scientific and technological base, investment from public and private sectors, links between businesses and research centers, a high-quality education system, political transparency, and a culture that encourages entrepreneurship and risk-taking. Today there are innovative companies in every region of the world, including in countries traditionally been labeled “emerging” or “developing.”
In conclusion Schwab says that we need to realize that while the costs of not innovating — lower economic growth — are steep, so too is the price of innovation. The changes it brings to labor markets, supply chains and social structures cannot be underestimated. So in assessing nations according to their innovative potential, we must also take into account how they manage the disruptive consequences of technological change.
In my opinion, this is a problem in many countries. Innovation is extremely important today because of the rapid technological changes, increasing globalization of markets. I'm sure different innovations in all spheres of life help us, they are very important.
The title of the article is “On the Innovation of Nations”. It’s written by Klaus Schwab. It’s published in “The New York Times” in its issue of December 15, 2013. The article is devoted to measuring national competitiveness and modern approaches to it.
ОтветитьУдалитьThe author begins with that many economists tried to figure out what makes some countries more prosperous than others. Then he passes on to say about different classifications of countries due to their economies at different times. But the author suggests his own classification based on how innovative a country is. Then the author says about the factors that contribute to an ecosystem of innovation. Countries place greater emphasis on their capacity to innovate, so their economic success will be increasingly determined by whether and how countries can leverage their innovation potential. And this will create a new global divide. But to the author’s mind technological leaps of recent decades have brought not only great opportunities for people to study, work or earn money, but increased inequality.
He concludes with that in assessing nations according to their innovative potential, we must also take into account how they manage the disruptive consequences of technological change.
It is amazing that the author created a new criterion to identify on which stage of development a nation is. But nevertheless, his approach still remains very vague. The author gives us no particulars in his article, but mere verbiage. It is not clear why he cannot accept traditional classifications of countries in terms of economics. Does not the GDP reflect the innovation potential of a country? The shift has happened in our world. We have moved to a new formation. Before, the level of development of a country was formed with the level of its industry and military power. Now it is all different. The century of information technologies and the Internet makes new demands. Determining factors are the level of science and education in a country and the entrepreneurial potential. Here I should agree with the author. But the level of the GDP is linked with these factors in some manner. According to the statistics published by the World Bank in April 2017, the USA, Japan and Germany have the highest levels of the GDP so they have the highest standards of living, it follows that they have leading educational systems and progressive technology and science. So it does not mean that we cannot apply traditional criteria to estimate the economy of a country, it just means that driving forces of economic development have changed. We, people, are actually creators of well-being in our countries. So I see no point in reinventing the wheel by the author since the old methods and doctrines still work. I just had the impression that the author was waffling on instead of giving concrete and useful information.
The title of the article is "On the Innovation of Nations", it's written by the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, Klaus Schwab. Published in The New York Times in its issue of December, 2013, the article is devoted to the problem of innovation in the world.
ОтветитьУдалитьThe author begins with some remarks about the importance of the problem under consideration and tells us how he started his research. Here we learn about the change in the classification of nations according their economical development. The author believes that the present classification of national economic performance, based on income and growth, highlights only the outcomes of a process and doesn't show what has led to these results. He also names a classification based on the fundamental drivers of growth and assumes it to be essential. There are many factors that contribute to an ecosystem of innovation, such as a high-quality education system, political transparency, a culture that encourages entrepreneurship and etc. These factors are interconnected. So, the economic success lies in the capacity to innovate. Then, we pass on to the example of the industrial revolution, that took a century to understand that the impact of innovation is only starting to become visible, as there are always both good intentions and similar blind spots. That's also true, that these changes make it harder to find a stable life-long job, but they make new opportunities: distant face-to-face communication, self-directed learning communities and etc. Nevertheless, the author suggests us thinking about both sides of technological change: the perspectives and the disadvantages.
To sum up, I'd like to agree with Klaus Schwab, as I truly believe in the presence of both positive and negative in every aspect of people's social life. Thus, the innovation has become the first point of importance in the war of rates between the countries, we should not forget about our responsibilities for the actions taken by us. The global processes are skyrocketing and the problems caused by them are to be solved by the future generations. For example, the Soviet Union was one of the most advanced countries of the 20th century, nevertheless, the consequences of the Chernobyl Disaster are faced by the whole world. That's why I think, that deeper the difference between the economies is - deeper the responsibility of the advanced contries for the less developed ones will be.
Klaus Schwab – a holder of two doctoral degrees, his professional life started as the youngest professor at the University of Geneva. Best known as the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum. I'm going to speak on the article that came out on December 15 in 2013. The article's name is "On the Innovation of Nations" and it was published in New-York Times. The thing that wondered the professor in the late 1970's was to research new ways of measuring national competitiveness.
ОтветитьУдалитьFirst of all, we need to understand what stands behind the word "innovation". Historically, a distinction was made between “developing” and “industrialized” economies. More recently, the term “emerging markets” came into vogue. The author says that bowadays, organizations like the World Bank try to steer clear of the value judgments implicit in these terms by simply describing countries’ positions on the income ladder — low, middle or high — and their rates of growth. The present classification of national economic performance, to the author's mind, is archaic due to its reliability on income and growth and highlighting only the outcomes of a process, but it offers no insight into the factors that lead to these outcomes. To have stable economy in the country means to have a strong scientific and technological base, investment from public and private sectors, links between businesses and research centers, a high-quality education system, political transparency, and a culture that encourages entrepreneurship and risk-taking. But there're also some issues about creating a stable infrastructure. Certainly the link between learning and innovation is a strong one, and clearly speed matters. The faster people in a company can learn, the faster they can apply that learning to create the next product, service and business model. By creating a positive and self-reinforcing feedback loop of accelerated learning to create innovation, organizations then obtain more learning, leading to more innovation. The results are manifold: shorter product life cycles, which leads to quicker learning, yet shorter product life cycles, better profits, etc., all contributing to competitive advantage. But this process is not always fast and right. Let's take Silicon Valley as an example, which is a beacon of global technological dynamism but, with its sky-high housing prices and nearly a fifth of its population living in poverty, it is also a warning that innovation cannot divorce itself from the society from which it springs.
In sum, I'd like to say a few things. First of all, in assessing nations according to their innovative potential, we must also take into account how they manage the disruptive consequences of technological change. The changes innovation brings to labor markets, supply chains and social structures cannot be underestimated.
Recently I've come across one artical on enonomy titled "On the Inovation of nations". It was executed by Klaus Schwab, who is known as the fojunder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum. This arcicle was published on 15th of December, 2013 in an issue of "New York Times".
ОтветитьУдалитьSchwab's article is devoted to a rather disputable problem of finding a definite formula of correletion between economic prosperity and development among all the world countries. For many generations different eminent economic researchers tried to figure out an elusive formula explaining the prosperity of some world countries and decay of the others.
Schwab displays that controversial problem as his personal point of consern, having been puzzled over this problem since his young ages. And there goes the first distinction, drawing a line between such terms as "developing" and "industrialized" economies. Only dead figures written by such financial gigants as World Bank define the position of higly developed, developing or core developing countries with their rates of growth or decay. Do financial bosses take into account exact factors which lead to these very numbers and rates? Schwab is certain that the ladder-system of output-based classification is archaic. Index of "gross national happiness", for instanse, would provide broader measures than clear range. But on the other hand one would admit that the classic system is essential and it only should be changed to center the level of innovation presented at each world economy.
Schwab puts emphasis on the innovation as the guaranty of economic growth as it gives an opportunity for new methods and technologies to develop and form new economic clusters. According to that, the world's labour market might obtain new vacancies for new specialists. New requirements would certainly lead to reformation of educational system focusing on new scientific researches and methods. The author of the title also adds that even in developing countries traditionally labled as emerging we can easily find some "innovative" companies. Innovation lies in future and faces the needs of descendant generations.
Meanwile, as Schwab takes note of, the descendants of the spectators of Industrial revolution, sensing a vivid spirit of mechanical wonder, are in a way blind-folded by the success of the earlier industry expanded in leaps and bounds.
Nowadays, technological changes unites the entire world through newest concepts and increasing sophistication of modern technologies. These technological leaps have happened thanks to so-called beacons of technological dynamism like Silicon Valley in California or CERN . No doubt, these companies provide unequality between the prises value-added innovative goods and the level of the population prosperity. Perhaps, that is the formula, or so to say, equation which figures out that non-innovative economy leads to a low economic growth and vice versa. The mankind must be prepared to the following changes and costs which lead only to better changes. The future lies in science and innovation, whatever it takes in the field of economic research.
ОтветитьУдалитьTo crown it all, I would like to add, that such a controversial question yet hasn't been answered by the author of the article. He hesitates between two prevalent ideas, whereas there are many pros and cons in each of them. Every achievement has it costs, all the more so as the matter stands with global economy.
I can hardly agree with Schwab. He speaks of an archaic character of World Bank rates, but on the other hand - he clings to that ladder, supporting the idea of gradual changes.
Economy can easily develop only on the basis of innovation and creativity. Japan, South Korea, the USA could be taken as the perfect pictures of highly developed country relying on science and inventive nature of brilliant minds of scientists. Aimed only to electronic technologies and eco-friendly concepts of living and land-expanding Japan and South Korea show high indexes of economic growth and level of innovation.
On the contrary, we can see the situation in Russia. This country relies only on petrol and gas extraction, suppling only their miliary industry investing tons of money taken from education or social funds. No doubt, that gap between these representative is yawning.
The author of the article is Klaus Schwab. In the introduction he raises such problem as bigger prosperity of countries than others ones. What makes them such?
ОтветитьУдалитьTo understand it people should classify countries. But today countries are classified by simply describing their positions on the income ladder — low, middle or high — and their rates of growth. The athor says that this classification offers no insight into the factors that lead to these outcomes. The writer offers another way of classification which considers broader measures of human well-being. But besides of that the classification should be centered on how innovative a country is. The economics success depends of innovation potential of the country. Nevertheless, the impact of innovation is only starting to become visible. We can’t say that innovation brings only good in our life. A lot of people have lost their job because of machines which have replaced them. However,we should not forget about new opportunities with the help of innovation: massive open online courses, or MOOCs, the increasing sophistication of technologies that allow face-to-face interaction across vast distances, and the growth of self-directed learning communities have made life-long learning accessible to all. But it also must be recognized that the astonishing technological leaps of recent decades have been accompanied by increased inequality. An innovative society may be a less inclusive and more fragmented one.
In my opinion, innovations play a large role in the world. They make people’s life easier and more comfortable. The countries which lead in world’s economy because of their degree of innovation can motivate other countries to be more productive. In such way the whole world will be better.